Which term refers to the pressure difference across the airways and alveoli?

The correct term that refers to the pressure difference across the airways and alveoli is transairway pressure (Pta). This pressure reflects the difference between the pressure in the airways and the pressure in the alveoli, which is crucial in understanding how air moves into and out of the lungs during the breathing cycle.

Transairway pressure is particularly significant during mechanical ventilation as it helps determine the flow of air through the conducting airways and alveoli. When there is a difference in pressure, it indicates the driving force behind airflow, which is essential for effective ventilation.

Other terms like transrespiratory pressure refer to the overall pressure difference from the mouth to the alveoli, transpulmonary pressure specifically indicates the difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure, and intrapleural pressure is the pressure within the pleural cavity, which does not directly represent the difference across the airways and alveoli. Understanding these distinctions is vital for advanced concepts in mechanical ventilation and respiratory physiology.