What is one physiological objective of mechanical ventilation?

One physiological objective of mechanical ventilation is to prevent or treat atelectasis, which is the collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung. When patients are unable to maintain adequate spontaneous ventilation due to illness or injury, mechanical ventilation provides support by ensuring adequate air delivery to the alveoli. This is crucial for maintaining lung volume and surface area so that gas exchange can occur effectively.

Atelectasis can result from shallow breathing, mucus plugging, or maintained supine positioning, especially in patients who are sedated or mechanically ventilated. By providing positive pressure, mechanical ventilation helps to recruit collapsed or poorly inflated alveoli, promoting better ventilation-perfusion matching and improving oxygenation. Strategies used in mechanical ventilation, such as recruitment maneuvers, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or adequate tidal volumes, specifically aim at preventing or reversing atelectasis, ensuring the lungs remain adequately inflated and functional during the patient’s recovery process.

Understanding this physiological objective underscores the importance of maintaining lung health and optimizing respiratory function in patients requiring mechanical support.