What is a primary concern associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation?

Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with several risks, with ventilator-induced lung injury being a primary concern. This injury can occur due to high tidal volumes, excessive pressures, or inappropriate ventilator settings that result in overdistension or shear stress on lung parenchyma. Additionally, mechanical ventilation can contribute to barotrauma and volutrauma, leading to further damage to the lungs. The inflammation caused by mechanical ventilation can exacerbate lung injury and create a cycle that complicates a patient’s recovery.

In contrast, increased lung capacity is not typically a concern during prolonged mechanical ventilation, as the goal is often to support lung function rather than enhance it. Improved gas exchange is also not associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation; instead, mechanical support is used to correct gas exchange deficiencies rather than improve lung capacity directly. Decreased respiratory rate may occur as a result of ventilatory support, but it is not a primary concern; rather, the focus is on maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation while preventing lung injury.