What does 'NIV' stand for in mechanical ventilation?

Non-invasive ventilation, often abbreviated as NIV, refers to a method of providing ventilatory support without the need for an invasive artificial airway, such as an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. This technique is crucial in managing patients with respiratory distress or failure while minimizing complications associated with invasive procedures. NIV typically involves the use of a face mask or nasal mask that delivers positive pressure to support the patient's breathing.

The significance of non-invasive ventilation lies in its ability to reduce the work of breathing, improve gas exchange, and enhance patient comfort while avoiding the risks associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It is frequently utilized in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, acute respiratory failure, and during the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Understanding NIV is vital for healthcare professionals, as it highlights the shift toward less invasive approaches in respiratory management, thereby leading to better patient outcomes and increased safety.