What can cause increased resistance in the airways during mechanical ventilation?

Increased resistance in the airways during mechanical ventilation is primarily caused by secretion buildup in the airways. Mucous and other secretions can accumulate in the bronchial passages, leading to partial or complete obstruction. This buildup restricts airflow, making it more difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs, which results in increased resistance.

When a patient has excess secretions, it can create turbulence in the airways, further compounding the issue as the ventilator must work harder to deliver the set tidal volume and maintain adequate pressures. Effective airway clearance and regular monitoring of secretions are important to prevent this complication during mechanical ventilation.

Other factors listed, such as fever, low oxygen levels, and the use of high flow rates, do not cause increased resistance in the airways in the same direct manner. While these factors can impact ventilation and oxygenation, they do not inherently increase the resistance to airflow like secretion buildup does.