What are the two main types of mechanical ventilation?

The classification of mechanical ventilation into invasive and non-invasive categories is based primarily on the method of delivering respiratory support. Invasive ventilation involves the insertion of an artificial airway, such as an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, directly into the airway to facilitate breathing. This approach is typically used in patients who cannot maintain adequate ventilation on their own due to conditions such as severe respiratory failure, loss of consciousness, or need for surgical intervention.

On the other hand, non-invasive ventilation employs devices like nasal masks or face masks to provide respiratory support without the need for an invasive airway. This method is particularly useful for conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, sleep apnea, or respiratory failure where the airway is intact, and patients can still protect their airway.

This distinction is crucial for clinicians to understand, as the choice between invasive and non-invasive ventilation can significantly affect patient outcomes, discomfort, and the management of complications. Each method serves specific patient populations and clinical scenarios, making it a fundamental concept in the practice of mechanical ventilation.