How does invasive ventilation differ from non-invasive ventilation?

Invasive ventilation is characterized by the need for an artificial airway, which is typically achieved through endotracheal intubation or a tracheostomy. This artificial airway provides a direct passage for mechanical ventilation to deliver breaths to the lungs, allowing for a more controlled and effective method of supporting respiratory function in patients who are unable to breathe adequately on their own.

In contrast, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) utilizes facial or oronasal masks and does not require an invasive procedure to establish an airway. This method allows patients to receive ventilatory support while still maintaining their own airway, thus reducing risks associated with intubation, such as infection or injury to the trachea.

The necessity for an artificial airway in invasive ventilation is crucial, especially in cases where there is significant respiratory distress, airway obstruction, or the patient's inability to protect their airway. This distinction is fundamental to understanding the appropriate use and application of different ventilation strategies.